Basic operations

1. Arithmetic Operators

a = 10
b = 3

print(a + b) # 13 (Addition)
print(a - b) # 7 (Subtraction)
print(a * b) # 30 (Multiplication)
print(a / b) # 3.333... (Division - always returns float)
print(a // b) # 3 (Floor Division)
print(a % b) # 1 (Modulus - remainder)
print(a ** b) # 1000 (Exponentiation)

2. Comparison Operators

x = 5
y = 10

print(x == y) # False (Equal)
print(x != y) # True (Not equal)
print(x > y) # False (Greater than)
print(x < y) # True (Less than)
print(x >= y) # False (Greater or equal)
print(x <= y) # True (Less or equal)

3. Logical Operators

p = True
q = False

print(p and q) # False
print(p or q) # True
print(not p) # False

4. Assignment Operators

n = 10
n += 5 # n = n + 5 → 15
n -= 3 # n = n - 3 → 12
n *= 2 # n = n * 2 → 24
n /= 4 # n = n / 4 → 6.0
n //= 2 # n = n // 2 → 3.0
n %= 2 # n = n % 2 → 1.0
n **= 3 # n = n ** 3 → 1.0

1. Membership operation

Operators that check whether a value exists inside a sequence (string, list, tuple, set, dict, range).

String

"py" in "python" # True
"Py" in "python" # False

List

5 in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] # True
"x" not in ["a", "b"] # True

Dict

"age" in {"name":"Al", "age":25} # True (key)
25 in {"name":"Al", "age":25} # False
25 in {"name":"Al", "age":25}.values() # True

Set (fast!)

999_999 in set(range(1_000_000)) # True (instant)

Behavior by Data Type

String manipulation

Here are some common string manipulation operations in Python:

3. Length of a String:

• Determining the number of characters in a string.

Example: text = "Python"

length = len(text)

print(length) # length is 6

4. Accessing Individual Characters:

• Retrieving characters at specific positions.

Example: text = "Python"

first_char = text[0]

print(first_char) # first_char is 'P’

5. Slicing:

• Extracting a portion of a string, list, or other sequence types by specifying a range of indices.

Example: text = "Python Programming"

sliced_text = text[0:6]

print(sliced_text) # Output: "Python"

16String manipulation

Here are some common string manipulation operations in Python:

6. Conversion:

• Converting between uppercase and lowercase.

Example: text = "Hello"

uppercase_text = text.upper()

print(uppercase_text) # uppercase_text is "HELLO"

lowercase_text = text.lower()

print(lowercase_text) # lowercase_text is "hello"

7. Stripping Whitespace:

• Removing leading and trailing whitespace.

Example: text = " Python "

stripped_text = text.strip()

print(stripped_text) # stripped_text is "Python"

8. Replacing Substrings:

Example: • Replacing occurrences of a substring with another.

text = "I like Java"

updated_text = text.replace("Java", "Python")

print(updated_text) # updated_text is "I like Python"

17String manipulation

Here are some common string manipulation operations in Python:

9. Checking for Substrings:

• Verifying if a substring is present in a string.

Example: text = "Python is fun"

is_fun_present = "fun" in text

print(is_fun_present) # is_fun_present is True

10. Splitting:

Example: • Breaking a string into a list of substrings based on a delimiter.

sentence = "This is a sentence."

words = sentence.split()

print(words) # words is ['This', 'is', 'a', 'sentence.’]

Python offers powerful string manipulation methods, enabling versatile text handling for

various applications. Understanding these methods is key to achieving desired results

efficiently.